Similar proportions are seen in convictions. , Figures on cautions exclude cases where sex is not known (in 1% of cases), Summary motoring offences are not considered in relation to cautions or cautioning rates as these tend to be addressed using Fixed Penalty Notices. Child Support - Census.gov Youth custody data for March 2017 published. Of all sexual offences, indecent exposure and unwanted touching had the highest prevalence rate. Youth custody report for November 2015 published. Finally, children from broken common-law unions (84 percent), as well as children from Quebec (87 percent), were most likely to remain in the custody of their mothers, and there is possibly a link between these two results. Males were proportionately more likely to be victims of homicide in public places, notably on the street (males: 30%; females: 6%). Publish a time-series of revisions due to errors in our statistical processes and procedures so we can monitor the quality of our outputs. The HMPPS Offender Equalities report 2019/20 (released on the same day as this report) also includes information on: Mother and Baby units, Sexual Orientation in the Prison Population, Accredited Programmes, Incentives and Earned Privileges and Electronic Monitoring. Significantly more females were victim to theft from the person, than males. TV licence evasion was the most common offence for which females were convicted in 2019. Some 18 year olds remain in the secure estate for children and young people if they only have a short period of their sentence to serve, to avoid disrupting their regimes. A higher proportion of female children were remanded on bail (72%) than male children (38%). There was also a higher proportion of females with mental health needs, the majority of which were depressive illness which affected 25% of females compared to 20% of males. April 2017 to March 2018) offender cohort. Child Custody and Gender Bias: Are Courts Anti-Father? Custody rights and domestic violence - UK Parliament The national divorce rate is 7.6 per 1,000 couples in 2022. , Self-declared from HR records, as at 1 April 2019. Why Do Women Get Child Custody In 90 Percent Of All Cases? Isn't It In 2019/20, 31,800 individuals were detained under section 136 of the Mental Health Act (1983) in England and Wales, a 2% increase when compared to the previous year[footnote 26]. Across all disposals, a larger proportion of young males had a record of receiving a fixed period exclusion compared to young females. The study included 15 years of published cases involving alienation, abuse, and custody, while coding parties' claims and defenses, outcomes, and other key factors by gender and parental status. Compared to male offenders, a larger proportion of females were given suspended sentences. Fines accounted for 34% of females sentenced in 2019 and 33% received a community sentence, compared with 44% and 30% for males. , See the Criminal justice statistics outcomes by offence data tool in Criminal Justice Statistics Quarterly: December 2019 to obtain all statistics on prosecutions, convictions and sentencing quoted in this chapter. Youth custody data for January 2017 published. In 2019/20, 3.9% of males were victim to personal crime, compared to 3.4% of females. The analysis in this report addresses the key subject areas and goes some way to provide an evidence base for monitoring progress and aiding policy making decisions for the future. We use some essential cookies to make this website work. Of all females sentenced in 2019, Black female offenders had the highest custody rate[footnote 75] at 23%. It is the Ministry of Justices responsibility to maintain compliance with the standards expected for National Statistics. Email: CJS_Statistics@justice.gov.uk, Alternative formats are available on request from ESD@justice.gov.uk, Available at https://www.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/code-of-practice/, Fieldwork for the year to March 2020 was suspended two weeks early on Wednesday the 18th March 2020, just prior to the lockdown restrictions being announced by the Government on the 23rd March 2020. Figure 6.01: Prison population, by sex, June 2015 to June 2019. The proportion of females experiencing domestic abuse in 2019/20 was 7.3%, double that of males (3.6%). In the 2017/18 cohort, the reoffending rate was higher for males at 30%, compared to 23% for females. version of this document in a more accessible format, please email, Check benefits and financial support you can get, Find out about the Energy Bills Support Scheme, Safety in the Children and Young People Secure Estate: Update to June 2022. Drunkenness in charge of a child females made up 67% of the 162 convictions, up 6 pp from 2015. Crime higher concerns legal representation in the Crown Court and above. As at 30 June 2019, there were 9,100 prisoners held on remand (unsentenced), 6% of the prison population held on remand were female and this proportion was stable over the last 5 years. Over a three-year timeseries, a larger proportion of males aged 16-59 had experienced only one form of abuse in the last year (84.6%) compared to females the same age (77.9%)[footnote 18]. If we become concerned about whether these statistics are still meeting the appropriate standards, we will discuss any concerns with the Authority promptly. , For the detailed statistics for specific offences used in this chapter, see the Principal offence proceedings and outcomes by Home Office offence code data tool in Criminal Justice Statistics Quarterly: December 2019. Data is not available for Community Rehabilitation Companies. Youth custody data for October 2017 published. This is reflected in the higher proportion of females remanded in custody who were sentenced to immediate custody at magistrates court, 17% in 2019 compared to 13% for males. As at 30 June 2019, 5% of the prison population were female, this proportion has remained stable for the last 5 years. For each age range from 21 and over, males consistently had a larger number of prosecutions (approximately three times more). , A release is defined as a release from prison where the prisoner has finished serving the custodial term of their sentence and excludes unsentenced prisoners on remand. This proportion was slightly less for females (83%), than for males (85%). Youth custody data - October data published. Youth custody report for October 2015 published. Between 2015 and 2019, offenders of unknown sex comprised less than 1% of offenders. , Data is from Domestic abuse in England and Wales: year ending March 2019. Figure 5.02: Individuals dealt with formally by the CJS, by sex, 2015 to 2019. , 3% of young people identified as intersex or did not disclose this information. PDF Statistics on Women and the Criminal Justice System - GOV.UK , This section looks at persons only and excludes those where sex is not stated. Youth custody report for August 2015 published. Among both adult female and male offenders, the reoffending rate was highest for those aged 35 to 39 at 30.4% and 34.4%, respectively. In 2019, the most common sentence for this offence was a fine, received by 87% of females sentenced and 90% of males. , Following the Transforming Rehabilitation reforms to probation and creation and subsequent transfer of the National Probation Service (NPS) into NOMS on 1 June 2014, it is not possible to make a direct comparison to previous years for probation staff. , These are sourced from linked magistrates courts and Crown Court administrative data systems with a match rate of around 90%. Of all female offenders cautioned or convicted in 2019, 35% were first time offenders, compared to 22% for males. , See technical guide for more information on PNDs. The proportion of all young offenders in the matched cohort that achieved 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to C, including English and Maths, was slightly higher for the young female group, at 12%, compared to 10% for young males. This compared to Black females accounting for 6% of all female prosecutions. Youth Custody Report for July 2013 published. If there is conviction information available, the suspect with the longest sentence/most serious conviction is determined as the principal suspect. As discussed in Chapter 5: Defendants, in 2019, 26% of individuals[footnote 113] prosecuted in England and Wales were female[footnote 114]. These include: National liaison and diversion services data from NHS England, Survey data from Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons Annual Report, (New) Understanding Educational Background of Offenders (MoJ/ DfE data share). , Where ethnicity was known. Of all female defendants prosecuted at court, 55% were prosecuted for summary non-motoring offences compared to 29% of male defendants in the latest year. , Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2014 to 2015 (revised) Main national tables: Table 3a: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils at the end of key stage 4 by type of school and gender. The Authority considers whether the statistics meet the highest standards of Code compliance, including the value they add to public decisions and debate. , Individuals with known sex. In 2019, there were 72,200 first receptions into prison, of which 90% were male and 10% were female. , Personal crimes are those against an individual that relate to the respondents own personal experience rather than others in the household. The Ministry of Justice aims to avoid the need for revisions to publications unless they are absolutely necessary and put systems and processes in place to minimise the number of revisions. The CSEW 2018/19 provides the most recent breakdown of personal crime by offence (Figure 3.01)[footnote 10] . In 2019, fines were the most common sentence given to both male and female offenders sentenced at all courts, but females typically had less severe sentencing outcomes. Are the Family Courts Really Biased Towards Women? Intimate violence refers to a range of physical and non-physical abuse including domestic abuse, sexual assault and stalking. Youth custody report for August 2016 published. , Further information regarding the impacts on published estimates of the ongoing data reforms seen in the criminal courts can be found at the following link: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/criminal-court-statistics-quarterly-april-to-june-2020/criminal-court-statistics-quarterly-april-to-june-2020, Plea data is sourced from the Criminal Justice Statistics Quarterly: December 2019 bulletin and excludes companies, defendants with unknown sex and unknown plea. Similar falls have been seen in the number of defendants prosecuted over the last 5 years when broken down by sex; the number of prosecutions for male defendants fell by 11% to 904,000 in 2019 and prosecutions for female defendants fell by 12% to 324,000 in 2019. In general, females appear to be substantially underrepresented throughout the CJS compared with males. The relative proportion of male and female victims has remained consistent over the last five years[footnote 20]. This was significantly higher than the 3.4% of female adult victims in the same year (no significant change from 3.7% the previous year). , Please note that the spacing of the time period displayed does not align with the actual time scale, for example the time between sentenced to custody for 0-1 month is smaller than 6 to 12 months. News stories, speeches, letters and notices, Reports, analysis and official statistics, Data, Freedom of Information releases and corporate reports. Monthly statistics on the population in custody of children and young people within secure children's homes (SCHs), secure training centres (STCs) and young offender institutions (YOIs).. We are trialling the publication of this statistical bulletin in HTML format alongside the usual PDF version and we are seeking user feedback on the use of HTML for the publication of statistical bulletins. Criminal legal aid consists of legal advice and representation provided to people being investigated or charged with a criminal offence, covering police stations, prisons, and the courts. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk. In the Crown Court, 90% of crime higher legal aid work related to male clients. Of the cases where the sex of the individual being detained was recorded, 45% were female and 55% were male. Previous data representing ages 16-59 are therefore incomparable to data after April 2017. Figure 5.12: Proportion of offenders sentenced to immediate custody, by custodial sentence length and sex, 2019[footnote 58]. , See technical guide for information on the use of section 136 of the Mental Health Act (1983). , In this chapter, children refers to those aged 10 to 15 unless stated otherwise. A first time offender is an offender who has been arrested by police in England or Wales; and who has received a first conviction, caution or youth caution for any offence[footnote 87] recorded on the Police National Computer. Youth custody statistics for September 2013 published. Youth Custody report for June 2013 published. , Figures from this paragraph are sourced from the data underpinning the Criminal Court Statistics (annual): January to March 2020 bulletin. All court reports included in published PSR statistics relate to offenders of known sex. Further information on the following topics related to offender management is available online: Substance Misuse Treatment Programmes, Offender Learning, Safety in Custody, Deaths in or following police contact, Discipline in Prison Establishments (Adjudications), Restricted Patients, Home Detention Curfew, Release on Temporary License, Licence Recalls. Other sources in this chapter include Criminal Courts Statistics and Legal Aid Statistics. , The overall increase in ACSL may be connected to changes in sentencing guidelines see accompanying technical guide for further details. , Published figures for self-harm in prison can be found in Safety in Custody Statistics. Police have found a body in the search for the missing baby of aristocrat Constance Marten and her lover Mark Gordon - as officers 'extend heartfelt condolences to the wider family'.. Gender roles highlight gender bias in judicial decisions There are also sections covering statistics on out of court disposals which come from the Criminal Justice Statistics Quarterly: December 2019, published by the Ministry of Justice, and experimental pilot data from national Liaison and Diversion services, as supplied by NHS England. Sex can be considered to refer to whether someone is male or female based on their physiology, with gender representing a social construct or sense of self that takes a wider range of forms. Custodial Mothers and Fathers and Their Child Support: 2017 - Census.gov , Breakdown by offence type is not available in the CSEW 2019/20 data. In homicides where the principal suspect was known to the victim, 67% of cases with female victims suspected the partner/ex-partner[footnote 21], whereas when the victim was male, only 9% of cases suspected the partner/ex-partner. You have rejected additional cookies. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of sexual assault in the last year among men aged 16-74 for 2019/20 (0.7%) compared to 2018/19. 62.9% of custodial fathers are non-Hispanic white men. In fact, statistics are frequently cited that suggest around 90% of women are awarded custody, but they also fail to show that 60% of men get custody in a contested cases. It should be noted that because children comprise less than 10% of all offenders prosecuted for an indictable offence (where sex and age of the defendant is known), trends should be interpreted with caution. The strategy sets out the Government's commitment to a new programme of work for female offenders, which will take some years to deliver, driven by our vision to see: fewer women coming into the criminal justice system and reoffending fewer women in custody, especially on short-term sentences, and a greater Comparisons with previous years are not possible due to changes in the order of questions asked influencing overall trends. Benefit fraud females made up 55% of the 98 summary convictions in 2019, down 3 pp from 2015. The disparity in convictions for these offences may reflect the fact that females make up a slightly larger proportion of benefit claimants[footnote 118]. Compared to males, a higher proportion of females reported: self-declared mental health problems, physical disability, having drug and alcohol problems, money worries and housing worries. Data has bee updated and published for May 2013. For more information and statistics on criminal court timeliness please refer to the Criminal Court Statistics (quarterly): January to March 2020 bulletin. The proportion of young females who had been permanently excluded and sentenced to a fine was 9%, compared to 15% for young males, a 6 percentage point difference. This analysis compares the genders in the matched young offender cohort, broken down by disposal, educational attainment, pupil characteristics, persistent absence and exclusion. , National liaison and diversion services offence groups are based on those used by the Home Office and are not directly comparable to those used in Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly: December 2019, which are used throughout the majority of this bulletin. Well send you a link to a feedback form. The main source of referral was police custody, accounting for 72% of males and 73% of females referred to liaison and diversion services. They have been excluded from all analyses in this chapter. The report includes demographic and income data about custodial parents, and details child support income for custodial parents living below the poverty level. The proportions of female practitioners vary across the CJS organisations (Figure 9.01)[footnote 121]. , Bespoke analysis from the 2019-20 Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons (HMIP) annual report can be found in the chapter tables, published alongside this report. The indictable offence groups with the highest proportion of females prosecuted were fraud offences (33% female) and theft offences (21% female), while the groups with the highest proportion of males prosecuted were sexual offences (98% male) and possession of weapons (93% male).