The White Lotus Rebellion was initiated as an antitax protest led by the White Lotus Society, a secret religious society. 3: China and Her National Minorities; Han. Not until the Qianlong emperor died in 1799 was Heshen removed and the war really prosecuted. The White Lotus led impoverished slaves to freedom, promising personal salvation in return for their loyalty. Nothing is known of his end. Exploring Chinese History :: Politics :: Rebellion and Revolution "Civilians Go into Battle: Hired Militias in the White Lotus War, 1796-1805. A White Lotus rebellion known as the Red Turban Uprising helped Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming dynasty, capture Beijing, but he turned against the group once he had achieved imperial power. At first the Ch'ing administration, under the control of Ho-shen, sent inadequate and inefficient imperial forces to suppress the ill-organized rebels. The Qings were from Manchuria, and they established their dynasty as a conquering force of the Ming dynasty by non-Chinese outsiders, maintaining that identity and organization throughout their 268-year reign. This took place during the Qing Dynasty, and lasted from 1796 to 1804. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). After both died in battle in 1796, the Qing government sent new officials, but none were successful. [8] The leader, herbalist and martial artist Wang Lun, led an uprising that captured three small cities and laid siege to the larger city of Linqing, a strategic location on the north-south Grand Canal transportation route. (2020, August 27). Because of the brutality of the Qing troops, however, the troops were soon nicknamed the "Red Lotus" Society. The Qing dynasty promoted itself as a conquering force, ruling China for 268 years before collapsing in 19111912. All our content comes from Wikipedia and under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. In 1794, a similar movement arose in the mountainous region that separated Sichuan province from Hubei and Shaanxi provinces in central China, initially as a tax protest. White Lotus Rebellion, Chinese anti-Manchu uprising that occurred during the Ch'ing dynasty. The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. . READ: Economic and Material Causes of Revolt - Khan Academy But as oue leader fell or was captured, another replaced him, and as the rebellion was extinguished in one place, it blazed out in another. The White Lotus War - University of Washington Press The White Lotus Rebellion 1796-1804 - Tibetan Buddhist Encyclopedia Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. A decree by the Daoguang Emperor admitted, "it was extortion by local officials that goaded the people into rebellion" By threatening the arrest of people who engaged in sectarian activities, local officials and police extorted money from people. Barend Joannes Ter Haar has argued that the term "White Lotus" was used primarily by Ming and Qing imperial bureaucrats to disparagingly explain a wide range of unconnected millenarian traditions, rebel movements, and popular religious practices. This book has since become an invaluable source in understanding the beliefs of these groups. The White lotus (Bailian Jiao, ) was a Buddhist political and religious movement that believed in a universal female divinity, the "Unborn Old Mother" who would gather all of her children towards the end of the millennium, into one large family. Dimitri Vegas, Steve Aoki The White Lotus Theme (Aloha!) Although the Manchu finally crushed (1804) the rebellion, the myth of the military invincibility of the Manchu was shattered, perhaps contributing to the greater frequency of rebellions in the 19th cent. Retrieved February 22, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/reference/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/white-lotus-rebellion. Beginning as enslavement protests, the eventual rebellion gained growing support and sympathy from many citizens. [1] A smaller precursor to the main rebellion broke out in 1774, under the leadership of the martial-arts and herbal-healing expert Wang Lun in Shandong province of northern China. During much of that time, China was the single, undisputed superpower in East Asia, with neighboring lands such as Korea, Vietnam, and an often-reluctant Japan trailing in its cultural wake. Due to their brutality, the Qing troops were soon nicknamed the "Red Lotus" Society. Completely unprepared for such an onslaught, the Qing dynasty lost, and Britain imposed unequal treaties and took control of the Hong Kong region, along with millions of pounds of silver to compensate the British for the lost opium. Consequently, a person's actual participation in sectarian activities had no impact on his or her arrest; what really mattered was whether monetary demands were met or not. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. By 1804 the area was again placed under imperial control by the local militia. Motivated by millenarian Buddhists who promised the immediate return of the Buddha, it erupted out of social and economic discontent in the impoverished provinces of Hubei, Shaanxi, and Sichuan . When the Manchu tribes of Manchuria (now Northeast China) conquered China some 500 years later in the 17th century and proclaimed the Qing dynasty, the White Lotus. [9] The Qianlong emperor ordered that the Eight Banner armies, whether they had Manchu or Han banners, were not to be used to suppress internal uprisings, so the Qing mainly relied on the Han Chinese Green Standard Army and Han militias in order to suppress rebellions such as the White Lotus. "The Fall of China's Qing Dynasty in 19111912." The White Lotus Rebellion (Chinese: ; pinyin: Chun ch bi lin jio q y, 17941804) was a rebellion that occurred during the Qing Dynasty of China. White Lotus Rebellion Flashcards | Quizlet Military Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. Contents 1 Daze Village Uprising 2 Rebellion of the Seven States 3 Llin 4 Chimei 5 Yellow Turban Rebellion 6 Five Pecks of Rice Rebellion 7 An Shi Rebellion 8 Red Turban Rebellion 9 Li Zicheng's Rebellion 10 Revolt of the Three Feudatories The rebellion was started by some elements of the millenarian Tianli Sect () or Heavenly Principle Sect, which was a branch of the White Lotus Sect. 12 talking about this. Snow Lotus is your One stop shop for exclusive Antique Silver Artifacts & Authentic Silver in Dallas. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Explain semantic, declarative, episodic, and explicit memories. The White Lotus rebellion was an eight year uprising that led to the downfall of the Qing dynasty. Asia for Educators, Columbia University, 2009. ", Dai, Yingcong. View original page. A second major contributor was internal turmoil, expressed in a series of devastating rebellions beginning in 1794 with the White Lotus rebellion, and ending with the Boxer Rebellion of 18991901 and Wuchang Uprising of 19111912. At the same time, technologies for treating contagious diseases such as smallpox, and the extensive use of fertilizers and irrigation techniques were also imported from the West. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). however it was indirectly responsible because it was the catalyst for the other rebellions that occurred in the future. In 1805, the imperial authorities suppressed the White Lotus Rebellion by instituting a combination of military and social policies. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. The White Lotus Society is traditionally considered to have first appeared during the 14th century under the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. It broke out (1796) among impoverished settlers in the mountainous region that separates Sichuan prov. It is only as historical sources look back upon these events do they began to summarize the various aspects of these uprisings as the "White Lotus rebellion. After both died in battle in 1796, Beijing sent new officials but none were successful. In the period after about 1680 the introduction of corn (maize) and sweet potatoes, followed in the 18th century by the introduction of the Irish potato, made upland farming possible. 22 Feb. 2023 . "Tianlijiao ", in. It apparently began as a tax protest led by the White Lotus Society, a secret religious society that forecast the advent of the Buddha, advocated restoration of the native Chinese Ming dynasty, and promised personal salvation to its followers. He did not distribute captured wealth or food supplies, nor did he promise to lessen the tax burden. The Qing believed that the way to avoid the errors of the White Lotus rebellion was to clamp down on foreign influence. The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. . In 2014, with the publication of White Lotus Rebels and South China Pirates: Crisis and Reform in the Qing Empire (2014), Wensheng Wang challenged the perception of the Jiaqing reign (1796-1802) as a "dead middle hiatus" between its past and present by arguing that the emperor successfully carried out policy reforms that readjusted the priorities of governance and enabled the dynasty to . Local disaffection broke out in the so-called White Lotus Rebellion of 1796-1804, which was centerd in the Szechwan- Shensi- Hupeh- Honan border regions. The White Lotus society (Bailianjiao) was a religious cult already in existence in the Nan (Southern) Song dynasty (1127-1279). The White Lotus bands mainly used guerrilla tactics, and once they disbanded were virtually indistinguishable from the local population. Save up to $6,685 on one of 9 used Lotus Evora 400s in Frisco, TX. White Lotus - Wikipedia [1] As White Lotus sects developed, they appealed to many Han Chinese who found solace in the worship of Wusheng Laomu . France seized Southeast Asia, creating its colony of French Indochina. It took almost ten years and huge financial waste to defeat the badly equipped White Lotus Rebellion (1795-1804), partly by legitimizing militias led by local Hn Chinese elites. 11-07-2011 03:30:12 ZULU. Ch'ien-lung (1711-1799) was the fourth emperor of the Ch'ing, or Manchu, dynasty in China. This signaled the beginning of the end for the Qing dynasty. The White Lotus Rebellion 1796-1804 In the deeply forested border area between the provinces Hubei, Sichuan and Shaanxi, a lot of homeless "floating" people (liumin ) had gathered to escape the grip of landowners, creditors and tax collectors. He declared that to prevent the capture of the young prince when a child, he had fled with him and concealed him beyond the borders of China. The White Lotus society (Bailianjiao) was a religious cult already in existence in the Nan (Southern) Song dynasty (1127-1279). The White Lotus peasant rebellion broke out in 1795 (White Lotus was the name of a secret society that had first fought against the Mongols). "White Lotus Rebellion . When Chinese peasants raised a huge anti-foreigner movement in 1900, called the Boxer Rebellion, they initially opposed both the Qing ruling family and the European powers (plus Japan). In its last stage, the Qing suppression policy combined the pursuit and extermination of rebel guerrilla bands with a program of amnesty for deserters. The Qianlong emperor ordered that the Eight Banner armies, whether they had Manchu or Han banners, were not to be used to suppress internal uprisings, so the Qing mainly relied on the Han Chinese Green Standard Army and Han militias in order to suppress rebellions such as the White Lotus. Wang Lun likely failed because he did not make any attempts to raise wide public support. It broke out (1796) among impoverished settlers in the mountainous region that separates Sichuan prov. These militia groups were later instrumental in defeating the Taiping rebellion. Sun Yat-Sen was elected the first president of China, and the Republican era of China had begun. When the White Lotus Rebellion (1796-1804) occurred, the dynasty was forced to turn to peasant soldiers to suppress the rebels in central and southern China, since the regular army lacked the necessary strength and morale. Civil conflicts including the White Lotus Rebellion (1774-1805), Xinjiang wars (1820s and 1860s) and Taiping Civil War (1850-64) broke out across Qing China. White Lotus Rebellion | Detailed Pedia Though many movements and rebellions were considered by imperial bureaucrats to have been led by White Lotus Society leaders, there is reason to doubt that the White Lotus Society had any organizational unity. Administrators also seized and destroyed sectarian scriptures which were used by the religious groups. This humiliation showed all of China's subjects, neighbors, and tributaries that the once-mighty China was now weak and vulnerable. Beginning as tax protests, the eventual rebellion gained growing support and sympathy from many ordinary people. Strong rebel leaders began to have major impacts on the ability of the Qing to rule. from Hubei and Shaanxi provs. Bailianjiao (www.chinaknowledge.de) The Fall of China's Qing Dynasty in 19111912. id Only after 1800 did the Qing government adopt new tactics that established local militias (tuan) to help surround and destroy the White Lotus. The White Lotus Rebellion was put down in 1805 as a combination of military and social policies. In 1794, one instance of a derivative sect of the White Lotus, the Eight Trigrams arose in the form of underground meditation teachings and practice in Shandong province, not far from Beijing (Zhili) near the city of Linqing. A similar movement arose in the mountainous region that separates Sichuan province from Hubei and Shaanxi provinces in central China as tax protests. [1] A smaller precursor to the main rebellion broke out in 1774, under the leadership of the martial-arts and herbal-healing expert Wang Lun in Shandong province of northern China. The White Lotus Rebellion - Home Chien-lung @media only screen and (min-device-width : 320px) and (max-device-width : 480px) { The government had to depend on more Han Chinese recruits (Green Standard) since there were not enough Manchu. However, the rulers were afraid that White Lotus Society might menace their rules. One Qing response was to suppress the word "revolution" by banning it from their world-history textbooks. White Lotus Rebellion 1796-1804 - globalsecurity.org The end of the White Lotus Rebellion in 1804 also brought an end to the myth of the military invincibility of the Manchus, contributing to the increasing frequency of rebellions in the 19th century.
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