Mature coconuts are ovoid or ellipsoid in shape, 3045 cm (1218 inches) in length and 1520 cm (68 inches) in diameter. The "branches" (leaf petioles) are strong and flexible enough to make a switch. Indonesia overtook it in 2010. [164] The smell of coconuts comes from the 6-pentyloxan-2-one molecule, known as -decalactone in the food and fragrance industries. Hair loss is the most common cause of hair loss in men and women, and it is the most common cause of hair loss in women. A coconut is the edible fruit of the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), a tree of the palm family. It is also used as a natural moisturizer, especially for winter. Food Industry Coconut is known as a common ingredient in food processing. Coconut copra, used to make coconut oil, is prepared at the coconut farms, using very simple techniques and taken to large scale oil mills through a complex and speculative marketing system. Plants are intolerant of cold weather and prefer copious precipitation, as well as full sunlight. Neera is fast becoming a popular drink. Economic importance The palms with the greatest importance in world commerce are the coconut and the African oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis ); both are prime sources of vegetable oil and fat. [3][4] It has also acquired religious significance in South Asian cultures, where it is used in Hindu rituals. The various parts of the coconut have a number of culinary uses. Mature Malakatad coconut meat has a tough texture and thus are processed before consumption or made into copra. [109] The production of coconuts is the main source of Sri Lanka economy, with 12% of cultivated land and 409,244 hectares used for coconut growing (2017). [7][8][9] Given proper care and growing conditions, coconut palms produce their first fruit in six to ten years, taking 15 to 20 years to reach peak production. Since these fruits are likewise high in fat, they can help your body absorb fat-soluble nutrients, including vitamins A, D, E, and K. Coconut is the fruit of the coconut palm. The importance of the coconut in Austronesian cultures is evidenced by shared terminology of even very specific parts and uses of coconuts, which were carried outwards from the Philippines during the Austronesian migrations. Frison, E.A. [160], Coir (the fiber from the husk of the coconut) is used in ropes, mats, doormats, brushes, and sacks, as caulking for boats, and as stuffing fiber for mattresses. In the United States, coconut palms can be grown and reproduced outdoors without irrigation in Hawaii, southern and central Florida,[110] and the territories of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the Northern Mariana Islands. Coconut oil is also a main ingredient in Ayurvedic oils. It is spread by host insects, that thrive on heavy turf grasses. It is grown in tropical and subtropical regions, with the majority of global production occurring in Asia, followed by the Pacific and the Americas. Economic Role Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the market's oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. A single coconut palm may yield 100 coconuts annually, and each fruit requires a year to fully ripen. Australian cities put much effort into de-fruiting decorative coconut trees to ensure that the mature coconuts do not fall and injure people. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Economic And Social Department: The Statistical Division. The Makapuno (phenomenon) coconut is recognized to be due to the absence of two enzymes in the nut that are responsible in the degradation of the galactomannan in the solid endosp The natural planting, harvesting, and processing of coconuts along with its tropical climate makes for perfect growth conditions of this tropical delicacy. The Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kannur under Kerala Agricultural University has developed an innovative extension approach called the compact area group approach to combat coconut mites. Coconut is a plant-based source of saturated fat. The meat of green coconuts is still developing, so they contain mostly water (2). Gatchalian et al 1994 developed a sonometry technique for precisely determining the stage of ripeness of young coconuts. For other uses, see, "Coconut tree" redirects here. Coconut oil is one of nine internationally traded vegetable oils and ranks eighth in global production. [121][122], Both Malauhog and Malakanin coconut meat of immature fruits can be eaten as is or used in salads, drinks, desserts, and pastries such as buko pie and es kelapa muda. While there is a concentration of coconut plantations in the coastal regions of the country, it is also grown in the hinterlands where the agro-climatic requirements of coconut cultivation are met. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. [98][99][100], Two important coconut products were first developed in the Philippines, macapuno and nata de coco. It is a haustorium, a spongy absorbent tissue formed from the distal portion of embryo during coconut germination, facilitates absorption of nutrients for the growing shoot and root.[142]. Adkins S.W., M. Foale and Y.M.S. They were selected for by the Austronesian peoples for their larger endosperm-to-husk ratio as well as higher coconut water content, making them more useful as food and water reserves for sea voyages. [78], A more controversial method employed by a small number of coconut farmers in Thailand and Malaysia use trained pig-tailed macaques to harvest coconuts. Coconuts can only be grown in temperatures above 18C (64F) and need a daily temperature above 22C (72F) to produce fruit. Neera is fast becoming a popular drink. They can also be cooked in sugar and eaten as a dessert in the Philippines known as bukayo.[117][123][124][125][126]. 98% of coconut is grown by more than 10 million resource poor smallholder and sharecropper families, on smallholdings under 4 ha. [101], Coconut flour has also been developed for use in baking, to combat malnutrition. In the Philippines, the coconut is commonly called the "tree of life". In the Ilocos region of the northern Philippines, the Ilocano people fill two halved coconut shells with diket (cooked sweet rice), and place liningta nga itlog (halved boiled egg) on top of it. Its versatility and value make it an important commodity that continues to play a vital role in the economic development of many countries around the world. What Are the Major Regions of Manufacturing Lisa Smith has been an editor and writer since 1991. The coconut tree provides food, fuel, cosmetics, folk medicine and building materials, among many other uses. 3rd Floor, St Patricks Complex, Brigade Road, [104], In Goa, the coconut tree has been reclassified by the government as a palm (rather than a tree), enabling farmers and developers to clear land with fewer restrictions and without needing permission from the forest department before cutting a coconut tree.[105][106]. It has great demand in confectionary and other good industries. Besides, the stem is used for construction of houses and leaves are used for thatching, fencing and making baskets and broomsticks. Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. As an abrasive,[156] a dried half coconut shell with husk can be used to buff floors. Coconut oil and milk are ingredients in cooking, frying, soaps and cosmetics, and foods like margarine and popcorn. Copra is the dried meat of the seed and after processing produces coconut oil and coconut meal. Traditional Training of Pig-tailed Macaques as Coconut HarvestersM Bertrand; Science; Jan 1967. Specimens have been collected from the sea as far north as Norway (but it is not known where they entered the water). The coconut tree provides food, fuel, cosmetics, folk medicine and building materials, among many other uses. Coconuts take 12 months to fully mature and ripen. [91][85] In other areas, like in Papua New Guinea, coconuts are simply collected when they fall to the ground. Perera, Lalith, Suriya A.C.N. The Coconut Palm Cocos Nucifera L. See also Can You Drink Malibu If You'Re Allergic To Coconut? Lately, civil wars and crop failures have driven up the EU Rotterdam coconut oil price, which has doubled during 2010-2011, nearing $2,000 per tonne, according to the UK Grocer. Coconut flesh is either eaten raw or dried to form copra, the meat of the seed and the source for coconut oil. Pintonesia Trading Corp has served customers from all over the world and it has become our top priority to meet our customers satisfaction and expectations. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. In addition to its economic value as a source of food and materials, the coconut is also an important source of income for many small-scale farmers and communities. Palm. econom y of Sri Lanka. AGRI INFO - My Agriculture Information Bank, Importance, Composition and Uses of Coconut. Coconut oil helps bolster your skins protective barrier layer, trapping moisture inside and keeping skin supple and hydrated. The tradition began in the 1910s, and has continued since. When left to ferment on its own, it becomes palm wine. [27] The coconut's obscure origin in foreign lands led to the notion of using cups made from the shell to neutralise poisoned drinks. Coconut flesh is high in fat and can be dried or eaten fresh or processed into coconut milk orcoconut oil. Both the exocarp and the mesocarp make up the "husk" of the coconut, while the endocarp makes up the hard coconut "shell". The coconut is also an important economic resource for the production of fiber and other materials. [158], The leftover fiber from coconut oil and coconut milk production, coconut meal, is used as livestock feed. Many insect pests and diseases affect the species and are a nuisance for commercial production. They need annual rainfall of at least 120cm, temperatures from 70 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit and sandy, slightly acidic soil with good drainage. Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the market's oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. The tender nut supplies coconut water, a popular thirst quencher of health and hygienic value. Partially defatted edible coconut grating is an excellent product and used in bakery and confectionary. [133], Coconut milk and coconut cream extracted from grated coconut is frequently added to various dessert and savory dishes, as well as in curries and stews. [101][102], Traditional areas of coconut cultivation in India are the states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Puducherry, Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Maharashtra, Odisha, West Bengal and, Gujarat and the islands of Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar. [71] They have been found in the Caribbean and the Atlantic coasts of Africa and South America for less than 500 years (the Caribbean native inhabitants do not have a dialect term for them, but use the Portuguese name), but evidence of their presence on the Pacific coast of South America antedates Columbus's arrival in the Americas. Various other products made from thickened coconut milk with sugar and/or eggs like coconut jam and coconut custard are also widespread in Southeast Asia. The coconut sector in the past has been dominated by products, copra and coconut oil, and the international coconut trade used to be driven by the demand for . ; Diekmann, M. Nata de coco, also called coconut gel, is another jelly-like coconut product made from fermented coconut water. Coconut buttons are often used for Hawaiian aloha shirts. The nuts we had in baskets on deck remained edible and capable of germinating the whole way to Polynesia. (1992). [134], Newly germinated coconuts contain a spherical edible mass known as the sprouted coconut or coconut sprout. They also include fossil fruits that have been tentatively identified as modern Cocos nucifera. [114] CAPB may cause mild skin irritation,[114] but allergic reactions to CAPB are rare[115] and probably related to impurities rendered during the manufacturing process (which include amidoamine and dimethylaminopropylamine) rather than CAPB itself. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Coconut is grown in more than 90 countries of the world and Indonesia, Philippines, India are the major producing countries of the world. [49], Coconuts can be broadly divided into two fruit types the ancestral niu kafa form with a thick-husked, angular fruit, and the niu vai form with a thin-husked, spherical fruit with a higher proportion of endosperm. This pattern coincides with the known trade routes of Austronesian sailors. The oil cakeis used to feed cattle.and poultry. Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the market's oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. Chan, Edward and Craig R. Elevitch. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. In Australia, a Cocos-like fossil fruit, measuring 10cm 9.5cm (3+78in 3+34in), were recovered from the Chinchilla Sand Formation dated to the latest Pliocene or basal Pleistocene. [118][119] Another method is to shake the coconut. These allow the fruits to be more buoyant and makes it easier for them to lodge into sandy shorelines, making their shape ideal for ocean dispersal. typica) and "Dwarf" (var. The fruit however was compacted in the fossilization process and it was not possible to determine if it had the diagnostic three pores that characterize members of the tribe Cocoseae. They are also used as a garnish for various dishes, as in klepon and puto bumbong. The immature seeds are infested and desapped by larvae staying in the portion covered by the perianth of the immature seed; the seeds then drop off or survive deformed. It is an important commercial product obtained from the husk of coconut. [61][63] The tall variety is outcrossing while dwarf palms are self-pollinating, which has led to a much greater degree of genetic diversity within the tall group. Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. Coconuts are commonly grown around the northern coast of Australia, and in some warmer parts of New South Wales. (2008). It also had ceremonial importance in pre-colonial animistic religions. Gasa suggested, for lack of paper, delivering by dugout canoe a message inscribed on a husked coconut shell, reading Nauru Isl commander / native knows posit / he can pilot / 11 alive need small boat / Kennedy.[159] This coconut was later kept on the president's desk, and is now in the John F. Kennedy Library. You probably already have everything you need in your pantry, kitchen, or medicine cabinet. But we had laid about half among the special provisions below deck, with the waves washing around them. It forms the basis of wedding and worship rituals in Hinduism. Production is based in Southern Asia, Central and South America, Oceania and southern Africa; Asia accounts for 84 percent. It also plays a central role in the Coconut Religion of Vietnam. [45], Modern genetic studies have identified the center of origin of coconuts as being the Central Indo-Pacific, the region between western Southeast Asia and Melanesia, where it shows greatest genetic diversity. There are currently two major viewpoints on the origins of the genus Cocos, one in the Indo-Pacific, and another in South America. The coconut industry is an important pillar of Philippine agriculture. The fruit, meat, water, and milk of the coconut are all widely consumed as part of the diet in many parts of the world. [citation needed], Indonesia is the world's largest producer of coconuts, with gross production of 15million tonnes. Tempurung, as the shell is called in the Malay language, can be used as a soup bowl and if fixed with a handle a ladle.
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