how was the development of cuba and of haiti different ), improved: urban: 98.9% of populationrural: 97% of populationtotal: 98.5% of populationunimproved: urban: 1.1% of populationrural: 3% of populationtotal: 1.5% of population (2020 est. )industry: 22.7% (2017 est. Large numbers of African slaves were imported to work the coffee and sugar plantations, and Havana became the launching point for the annual treasure fleets bound for Spain from Mexico and Peru. Ada Ferrer asserts that the United States involvement was only part of the problem. Explore similarities and differences. )imports: 4,000 metric tons (2020 est. England, despite its loss to the U.S. and its friction with France, abandoned Haiti and left the country twisting in the wind for nearly a century. Haiti remains the poorest country in the LAC region and among the poorest countries in the world. Cuba already possesses many assets that can be harnessed to accomplish these goals. Obesity is a public health problem and increases the risk of chronic diseases. Your email address will not be published. Select a country to view its data profile. Cuba | Government, Flag, Capital, Population, & Language An obese adult has a Body Mass Index (BMI) equal to or greater than 30. ), $985.4 million (2017 est. However, neither of these groups sought after independence and reformists mainly wanted Spain to treat Cuba as a province. Haiti is subject to periodic seismic activity; earthquakes destroyed Cap-Hatien in 1842 and Port-au-Prince in 1751 and 1770. Bilateral Economic Relations. Help us by suggesting a value. He handed off the presidency in February 2008 to his younger brother Raul CASTRO. [7], Haitians lived in small communities near the sugar cane plantations, very rural and removed from populous cities. Source: Wikipedia, 2023; city's official stats, 2023. Under colonial rule both countries relied heavily on plantation slave labor to propel their economies and were unsure of how to move forward after they gained their independence. There is a real need . Editor's note: Second of a three-part series. )note: data represent racial self-identification from Cuba's 2012 national census. The U.S. reaction was swift and President Kennedy imposed an embargo that is still in place, even though the Obama administration is taking measure to lift it piece by piece. The native Amerindian population of Cuba began to decline after the European discovery of the island by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1492 and following its development as a Spanish colony during the next several centuries. )note: data are in Cuban Pesos at 1 CUP = 1 US$; official exchange rate. The earliest evidence of people moving into the Caribbean islands dates to around 4000 BC. A country roughly the size of Maryland, it was a prosperous French colony whose slaves had the temerity to fight and defeat the mighty French army led by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1804 after a TK war of independence. Haiti compared to Cuba - MyLifeElsewhere Milestones: 1914-1920 - Office of the Historian While Haiti was struggling, Cubas economy boomed during the early 1900s when sugar and cotton were king and it grew sugar in abundance. The population pyramids for Cuba and Haiti reveal A) there are more children as percentage of the Cuban population than the Haitian population B) the population of Cuba is stable and older than that of Haiti C) Cuba will expect explosive population growth in coming decades D) life expectancy is longer in Haiti than in Cuba The percentage of the countrys population living below the poverty line, as reported by official statistics. )refined petroleum consumption: 164,100 bbl/day (2019 est. The percentage of adults considered obese. Cuba's vaccine development effort wasn't just risky from health perspective. )crude oil and lease condensate imports: 48,500 bbl/day (2018 est. Power failure at New York University Langone Medical Centre led to the . The Eastern European nation helped Cuba along, providing it with oil and other goods it needed. In the eastern part of the island, many Haitians continued to suffer discrimination. In 1914, the Wilson administration sent U.S. Marines into Haiti. Cuba. Haiti : Development news, research, data | World Bank Source: Wikipedia, 2023. How was the development of Cuba and of Haiti similar and different Haiti and Cuba Comparison - Examine Similarities and Differences There has been documented change in infant mortality and life expectancy in Haiti due to Cuba's medical aid. Versus uses cookies to improve your experience on the site. )exports: 0 kWh (2020 est. ), total petroleum production: 38,400 bbl/day (2021 est. The country's property rights score is below the world average; its judicial effectiveness score is below the world average; and its government integrity . Immediately following the earthquake, its graduates began e-mailing former classmates and recruited hundreds willing to serve in Haiti. It would be a great first step and a move in the right direction. Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. )transmission/distribution losses: 3.429 billion kWh (2019 est. The percentage of male residents, according to the city's official statistics. )proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est. The total length of the countrys paved and unpaved roads. ), $30.06 billion (31 December 2017 est. . Depending on their origin country and period of arrival, immigrants from the Caribbean have varying skill levels, racial composition, language background, and motivations for . In 1977, despite having no official diplomatic ties, the Caribbean Nations signed CubaHaiti Maritime Boundary Agreement setting the official maritime border in the Windward Passage. )note: data are in 2016 US dollars, 1.25% (2021 est. The conflict with the Spanish helped escalate problems, but eventually a black slave named Toussaint switched sides and helped France drive the Spanish out. Deforestation has caused much soil erosion, and as much as one-third of Haitis land may have eroded beyond recovery. The database contains 1,400 time series indicators for 217 economies and more than 40 country groups, with data for many indicators going back more than 50 years. air force epr rating scale brian steele bristol bateman skips def jam fight for ny blazin' moves list velocette factory records Estimates are that over 300,000 people were killed and some 1.5 million left homeless. Posted on . Thousands took to the streets in towns and cities across the island shouting "freedom" and . The percentage of the countrys population with access to improved drinking water sources, such as piped water or protected wells. The average life expectancy at birth for the countrys female population. )expenditures: $64.64 billion (2017 est. )3.1% of GDP (2016 est. Since Hurricane Georges, Cuba has sent medical aid to Haiti in the form of doctors, education and medical supplies. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The Haitian Revolution: Successful Revolt by an Enslaved People - ThoughtCo South of the Cul-de-Sac Plain is the fourth major range, called the Massif de la Selle in Haiti and the Sierra de Baoruco in the Dominican Republic. Although economic sanctions remain in place, the United States is the largest provider of food and agricultural products to Cuba, with exports of those goods valued at $220.5 million in 2018. 14.3 years longer life expectancy at birth, 3.18x higher percentage of internet users, 19.5 years lower median age of female population, population with access to improved water sources. See answer. Cuba's Health Care System: a Model for the World - HuffPost Under the dictatorship of Toussaint it was unclear who his loyalty was to, and thus he was unseated from power no longer after he gained it.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'studyboss_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_4',106,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-studyboss_com-medrectangle-4-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'studyboss_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_5',106,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-studyboss_com-medrectangle-4-0_1');.medrectangle-4-multi-106{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:15px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:15px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:250px;min-width:250px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}. Previous. From 1998 to 2010, Cuba performed over 207,000 Surgeries, restored eye sight to 45,000, 14.6 Million patient-doctor consultations, taught 100,000 how to read and helped in the birth of 100,000 children. Garry Pierre-Pierre is a Pulitzer-prize winning, multimedia and entrepreneurial journalist. ), -2.53 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est. The Cuban government has begun to make strides in improving certain elements of the ecosystem, including their much-publicized organic farming and new permaculture system. [3], Cubans feared a repeat of the Haitian Revolution, which was not quelled by the current guerrilla warfare in Haiti by the caco forces against the Americans. In FY 2021, the US Coast Guard interdicted 838 Cuban nationals at sea. To get a better idea of how large the country is, you can compare it with a soccer field, which has 0.007km. According to UNICEF, 80% of the population live in poverty and 48% in . Jose Marti led this war, and tried to keep it from becoming another race war, however, Spain is able to use propaganda to convince whites that this war is in fact another race war. The embargo remains in place, and the relationship between the US and Cuba remains tense.. The average life expectancy at birth is the number of years that the population of a country is expected to live. Over 3,000 doctors have been sent to Haiti since 1998 and have educated 550 Haitians at Latin American Medical School in Havana with 567 Haitians currently studying at ELAM as of 2010. You can find Cuba visa exemptions. Adopting Annual Resolution, Delegates in General Assembly Urge In October 2019, Miguel Daz-Canel was confirmed as president of Cuba, with nearly 97 percent of the votes of National Assembly members. Source: Wikipedia, 2023 . In a scant few years, Cuba was transformed from a sleepy, unimportant island into the major . If so, simply go to . In contrast to these, SCBI is: Priority driven - it is structured around delivery of a small number of specific priorities. )proven reserves: 70.792 billion cubic meters (2021 est. To the west of the capital, near the quakes epicentre, the city of Logne was almost completely ruined. Chapter 5: Caribbean Flashcards | Quizlet Their living and working conditions were not much better than slavery. Editors note: Second of a three-part series. An interior basin, known as the Central Plateau in Haiti and the San Juan Valley in the Dominican Republic, occupies about 150 square miles (390 square km) in the centre of the country. By undermining the ideals he had originally promoted to rise to power, he lost many of his supporters. )2.9% of GDP (2018 est. 02/12/2013. This strayed from the ideals that the right to . ), 2.76% (2021 est. Compare And Contrast Cuba And Haiti Revolutions - 1694 Words | Studymode Download latest HDI dataset. The second major range, Haitis Massif du Nord (Northern Massif), is a series of parallel chains known in the Dominican Republic as the Cordillera Central. The generally rugged topography of central and western Hispaniola is reflected in Haitis name, which derives from the indigenous Arawak place-name Ayti (Mountainous Land); about two-thirds of the total land area is above 1,600 feet (490 metres) in elevation. ), 36 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est. The two countries share warm relations, and Cuban doctors over the last 20 years have literally saved thousands of Haitian lives working in clinics in far-flung . Haiti and Cuba: Help for those hit hardest by Hurricane Sandy )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2020 est. The main political idea was that of popular sovereignty. In order to defeat the Cuba rebels, Spain tries to divide them by dividing the rebels because of race. By Garry Pierre-Pierre. Dominican Republic. )1.74% (2019 est. )solar: 1.4% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The native Amerindian population of Cuba began to decline after the arrival of Christopher COLUMBUS in 1492 and following its development as a Spanish colony during the next several centuries. Cuba's health care system is based on preventive medicine and the results achieved are outstanding. Immigrants from the Caribbean living in the United States come from a diverse set of countries and territories, with Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Haiti, and Trinidad and Tobago the top origins. In 1902, Cuba became "independent", but, according to the . )industrial: 740 million cubic meters (2017 est. In 2021, Haiti had a GDP per capita of US$1,815, the . How does Cuba compare to Haiti? Cuba-Haiti relations - Wikipedia This, however, did not last long as both groups soon learned that France would repeatedly go back on the bargains it made with different groups. Why Cuba and the United States Are Forever Linked - New York University A massive magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck Haiti in January 2010 with an epicenter about 25 km (15 mi) west of the capital, Port-au-Prince. Its tributaries flow eastward and southward through Haitis Central Plateau to a point near the Dominican border, where they join the river proper as it turns westward. In 1999, he left the New York Times to launch the Haitian Times, a New York-based English-language publication serving the Haitian Diaspora. At that time, the French and English armies were embroiled in the so-called 100 years wars and fought many a proxy battles including Haiti. )permanent crops: 3.6% (2018 est. ), illicit emigration is a continuing problem; Cubans attempt to depart the island and enter the US using homemade rafts, alien smugglers, direct flights, or falsified visas; Cubans also use non-maritime routes to enter the US including direct flights to Miami and overland via the southwest border; the number of Cubans migrating to the US surged after the announcement of normalization of US-Cuban relations in late December 2014 but has decreased since the end of the so-called "wet-foot, dry-foot" policy on 12 January 2017, soil degradation and desertification (brought on by poor farming techniques and natural disasters) are the main environmental problems; biodiversity loss; deforestation; air and water pollution, party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation, particulate matter emissions: 18.37 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est. However, he attempt to disarm the population and the growing fear of the reinstatement of slavery led to another revolt in Saint Domingue from 1798 to 1804 By the beginning of 1804 Saint Domingue had won its independence and in doing so renamed itself, becoming the nation of Haiti with Dessalines in charge. We lack the educated workforce necessary to move a nation forward. It became the Spanish empire's most-important source of raw sugar in the 18th century and later earned . [8], Majority of Haitians are Catholic but vodou is also present behind the scenes. U.S. Relations With Haiti - United States Department of State How was the development of Cuba and Haiti similar and different - BRAINLY - Haiti's proximity to a tectonic plate boundary helps explain the January 2010 earthquake. They also had agricultural economies driven by slave labor.var cid='9687976154';var pid='ca-pub-3243264408777652';var slotId='div-gpt-ad-studyboss_com-box-3-0';var ffid=1;var alS=1002%1000;var container=document.getElementById(slotId);container.style.width='100%';var ins=document.createElement('ins');ins.id=slotId+'-asloaded';ins.className='adsbygoogle ezasloaded';ins.dataset.adClient=pid;ins.dataset.adChannel=cid;if(ffid==2){ins.dataset.fullWidthResponsive='true';} Castro almost saw out 11 US presidents since 1959, but he never lived to see the end of the US embargo. )1 (2014 est. Human Development Index 0.521: 0.855: GDP per capita: $1,300 US: $10,200 US: Literacy Rate 52.9%: 99.8%: Corruption Perception Index 1.4: 4.3: Percentage of Women in Parliament . Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez, hand-picked by Raul CASTRO to succeed him, was approved as president by the National Assembly and took office on 19 April 2018. Duvalier broke off relations first after the United States urged member-states of the Organisation of American States to cut ties with Cuba after the Cuban Revolution. Cuba's unique approach to the eradication of extreme poverty sets it apart from other Latin American and Caribbean countries, but the challenge now is how it evolves Shortly after taking power, Castro adopted communism as the countrys new doctrine, infuriating the U.S. at the height of its own cold war with the Soviet Union. Cuba: A development model that proved the doubters wrong By 1898, Cuba had gained its impendence from Spain, but another powerful country forced its way into Cuba, and partly undermined the potential for Cubas revolution to succeed.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'studyboss_com-leader-1','ezslot_13',111,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-studyboss_com-leader-1-0'); There were a few reasons why Cuba did not accomplish its revolutionary objectives, politically, economically, or socially. Though oil was discovered in Cuba in the early 1900s, it wasn . Haiti's Troubled Path to Development - Council on Foreign Relations We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Haiti is bordered to the east by the Dominican Republic, which covers the rest of Hispaniola, to the south and west by the Caribbean, and to the north by the Atlantic Ocean. Source: city's official website, 2023. On 12 January 2017, the US and Cuba signed a Joint Statement ending the so-called "wet-foot, dry-foot" policy by which Cuban nationals who reached US soil were permitted to stay. By continuing to browse our site, you agree to our use of cookies. Spanish (official)major-language sample(s): La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de informacin bsica. ), municipal solid waste generated annually: 2,692,692 tons (2007 est. The real GDP growth rate represents the year-over-year GDP growth, calculated by taking into account the price fluctuations caused by inflation. In 1915, Haitian President Jean Vilbrun Guillaume Sam was assassinated and the situation in Haiti quickly became unstable. )from petroleum and other liquids: 14.636 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. A long fault line crosses the southern peninsula and passes just south of Port-au-Prince. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The Organization of American States - Council on Foreign Relations Haiti .:. Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform how was the development of cuba and of haiti different The death rate, also called crude death rate, represents the number of annual deaths per 1,000 people at midyear. U.S. Intervention in the Caribbean | International Encyclopedia of the But according to the Fidel Castro regime, since 1959, when he took over, this discrimination has stopped. Haiti, whose population is almost entirely descended from African slaves, won independence from France in 1804, making it the second country in the Americas, after the United States, to free itself from colonial rule. Haitis former soccer federation president whose lifetime ban from the sport over sexual abuse allegations was overturned last month has announced he is reclaiming his position, Award-winning Haitian broadcaster Michle Montas, who was exiled three times and served as spokesperson for the former United Nations secretary-general, follows the chaos in her country every day from her apartment in New York, Canada says it will send navy vessels to Haiti for intelligence-gathering as part of efforts to quell worsening gang violence in the Caribbean nation, U.S. authorities have arrested four more people in the slaying of Haitian President Jovenel Mose, including the owner of a Miami-area security company that hired former soldiers from Colombia for the mission, In a story published February 9, 2023, about a new U.S. policy stalling adoptions in Haiti, The Associated Press quoted UNICEF in reporting that 1 million children are not going to school as a result of social unrest. His idea helps re-conceptualize the black insurgent and Spain will be unable to use the argument that the next war is a race war. )consumption: 16,097,460,000 kWh (2019 est. Haiti and Cuba living comparison. Haitis shores are generally rocky, rimmed with cliffs, and indented by a number of excellent natural harbours. The earthquake was assessed as the worst in this region over the last 200 years. Subscribe to The Haitian Times for the most comprehensive coverage of Haiti and the Haitian diaspora. . Create Custom Personalized World Maps at Themapic.com, 20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the US from 1898 to 1902); not acknowledged by the Cuban Government as a day of independence, Roman Catholic 80%, Protestant 16% (Baptist 10%, Pentecostal 4%, Adventist 1%, other 1%), none 1%, other 3%, nominally 85% Roman Catholic prior to CASTRO assuming power; Protestants, Jehovah's Witnesses, Jews, and Santeria are also represented, Caribbean, western one-third of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of the Dominican Republic, Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, 150 km south of Key West, Florida, tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds, tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May to October). The range forms the northern boundary to the narrow Cul-de-Sac Plain, which is immediately adjacent to Port-au-Prince and includes the brackish Lake Saumtre on the Dominican border. Public spending on education includes direct expenditure on schools, universities, and other types of educational institutions, as well as educational-related public subsidies. However, a revolution implies grand economic, political, and/or social change and the colonies' standing in all three of these spheres remained relatively the same after the war was over. Spanish rule eventually provoked an independence movement and occasional rebellions were harshly suppressed. No two countries in the Caribbean have had the sort of international impact as Haiti and Cuba have. ), conventional long form: Republic of Cubaconventional short form: Cubalocal long form: Republica de Cubalocal short form: Cubaetymology: name derives from the Taino Indian designation for the island "coabana" meaning "great place", name: Havanageographic coordinates: 23 07 N, 82 21 Wtime difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November; note - Cuba has been known to alter the schedule of DST on short notice in an attempt to conserve electricity for lightingetymology: the sites of Spanish colonial cities often retained their original Taino names; Habana, the Spanish name for the city, may be based on the name of a local Taino chief, HABAGUANEX, 15 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 special municipality* (municipio especial); Artemisa, Camaguey, Ciego de Avila, Cienfuegos, Granma, Guantanamo, Holguin, Isla de la Juventud*, La Habana, Las Tunas, Matanzas, Mayabeque, Pinar del Rio, Sancti Spiritus, Santiago de Cuba, Villa Clara, 20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the US from 1898 to 1902); not acknowledged by the Cuban Government as a day of independence, Triumph of the Revolution (Liberation Day), 1 January (1959), history: several previous; latest drafted 14 July 2018, approved by the National Assembly 22 December 2018, approved by referendum 24 February 2019amendments: proposed by the National Assembly of Peoples Power; passage requires approval of at least two-thirds majority of the National Assembly membership; amendments to constitutional articles on the authorities of the National Assembly, Council of State, or any rights and duties in the constitution also require approval in a referendum; constitutional articles on the Cuban political, social, and economic system cannot be amended, civil law system based on Spanish civil code, has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt, citizenship by birth: yescitizenship by descent only: yesdual citizenship recognized: noresidency requirement for naturalization: unknown, chief of state: President Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez (since 19 April 2018); Vice President Salvador Antonio VALDES Mesa (since 10 October 2019)head of government: Prime Minister Manuel MARRERO Cruz (since 21 December 2019); Deputy Prime Ministers Ramiro VALDES Menendez, Ines Maria CHAPMAN Waugh, Jorge Luis TAPIA Fonseca, Alejandro GIL Fernandez, Ricardo CABRISAS Ruiz (since 21 December 2019), and Jorge Luis PERDOMO DI-LELLA (since 20 April 2021)cabinet: Council of Ministers proposed by the president and appointed by the National Assemblyelections/appointments: president and vice president indirectly elected by the National Assembly for a 5-year term (may be reelected for another 5-year term); election last held on 10 October 2019 (next to be held NA)election results: 2019: Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez (PCC) elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - 98.8%; Salvador Antonio VALDES Mesa (PCC) elected vice president; percent of National Assembly vote - 98.1%2018: Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez (PCC) elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - 98.8%; Salvador Antonio VALDES Mesa (PCC) elected vice president; percent of National Assembly vote - 100%note - on 19 April 2018, DIAZ-CANEL succeeded Raul CASTRO as president of the Councils of State and Ministers; on 10 October 2019 he was elected to the newly created position of President of the Republic, which replaced the position of President of the Councils of State and Ministers, description: unicameral National Assembly of People's Power or Asamblea Nacional del Poder Popular (605 seats; (586 seats filled in 2021); members directly elected by absolute majority vote; members serve 5-year terms); note 1 - the National Candidature Commission submits a slate of approved candidates; to be elected, candidates must receive more than 50% of valid votes otherwise the seat remains vacant or the Council of State can declare another election; note 2 - in July 2019, the National Assembly passed a law which reduces the number of members from 605 to 474, effective with the 2023 general electionelections: last held on 11 March 2018 (next to be held in early 2023)election results: Cuba's Communist Party is the only legal party, and officially sanctioned candidates run unopposed; composition (as of June 2021) - men 273, women 313, percent of women 53.4%, highest court(s): People's Supreme Court (consists of court president, vice president, 41 professional justices, and NA lay judges); organization includes the State Council, criminal, civil, administrative, labor, crimes against the state, and military courts)judge selection and term of office: professional judges elected by the National Assembly are not subject to a specific term; lay judges nominated by workplace collectives and neighborhood associations and elected by municipal or provincial assemblies; lay judges appointed for 5-year terms and serve up to 30 days per yearsubordinate courts: People's Provincial Courts; People's Regional Courts; People's Courts, Cuban Communist Party or PCC [Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez], ACP, ALBA, AOSIS, CELAC, EAEU (observer), FAO, G-77, IAEA, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS (excluded from formal participation since 1962), OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, PIF (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Lianys TORRES RIVERA (since 14 January 2021)chancery: 2630 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009telephone: [1] (202) 797-8515 through 8518FAX: [1] (202) 797-8521email address and website: recepcion@usadc.embacuba.cuhttp://misiones.minrex.gob.cu/en/usa, chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Timothy ZUNIGA-BROWN (since 31 July 2020)embassy: Calzada between L & M Streets, Vedado, Havanamailing address: 3200 Havana Place, Washington DC 20521-3200telephone: [53] (7) 839-4100FAX: [53] (7) 839-4247email address and website: acshavana@state.govhttps://cu.usembassy.gov/, five equal horizontal bands of blue (top, center, and bottom) alternating with white; a red equilateral triangle based on the hoist side bears a white, five-pointed star in the center; the blue bands refer to the three old divisions of the island: central, occidental, and oriental; the white bands describe the purity of the independence ideal; the triangle symbolizes liberty, equality, and fraternity, while the red color stands for the blood shed in the independence struggle; the white star, called La Estrella Solitaria (the Lone Star) lights the way to freedom and was taken from the flag of Texasnote: design similar to the Puerto Rican flag, with the colors of the bands and triangle reversed, royal palm; national colors: red, white, blue, name: "La Bayamesa" (The Bayamo Song)lyrics/music: Pedro FIGUEREDOnote: adopted 1940; Pedro FIGUEREDO first performed "La Bayamesa" in 1868 during the Ten Years War against the Spanish; a leading figure in the uprising, FIGUEREDO was captured in 1870 and executed by a firing squad; just prior to the fusillade he is reputed to have shouted, "Morir por la Patria es vivir" (To die for the country is to live), a line from the anthem, total World Heritage Sites: 9 (7 cultural, 2 natural)selected World Heritage Site locales: Old Havana (c); Trinidad and the Valley de los Ingenios (c); San Pedro de la Roca Castle (c); Desembarco del Granma National Park (n); Viales Valley (c); Archaeological Landscape of the First Coffee Plantations (c); Alejandro de Humboldt National Park (n); Historic Cienfuegos (c); Historic Camagey (c), still largely state-run planned economy, although privatization increasing under new constitution; widespread protests due to lack of basic necessities and electricity; massive foreign investment increases recently; known tobacco exporter; unique oil-for-doctors relationship with Venezuela; widespread corruption, $137 billion (2017 est.